I The production of paper from cereal straws II Utilization of agricultural wastes for production of miscellaneous fabricated materials

摘要

Wet or moist attrition treatment of cornstalks frees the pith from the cortex fiber. Moist attrition treatment yields the most desirable cortex fiber for paper making. An upward flow of water agitated with air through the screen cover of a tank frees the cortex of pith and fine fiber. Water flotation allows the fine fiber to settle away from the floating pith. The cost is nominal and the products each have commercial uses. A yield of 70 percent over all is obtained and a 50 to 60 percent yield of pith is obtained;Dry attrition treatment of cornstalks frees the cortex of pith. Separation by air on an inclined baffle board or centrifugal air separation, gives one fraction of pith and fine fiber, and a second fraction of heavy cortex fiber;The power consumption of attrition treatment is greatest on wet stalks, moderate on moist stalks, and low on dry stalks;Quite complicated forms of products from cornstalk fiber, such as window sash and fiber pipe, can be pressed and moulded as one-piece structures. These can be cheaply made and they show exceptional structural strength;Cornstalk pressboard can be made very moisture resistant by solvent sizing. A deflection test dry and after immersion is a good measure of moisture resistance;Measurement of the conductivity of press board during drying in the hydraulic press is a dependable means of determining the time at which the board is dry enough not to explode. Conductivity tests of pressed boards will show defects in press heating. Conductivity tests are suited to research work on pressed fiber;Conductometric titration can be applied to the analysis of cook liquors. A voltmeter and ammeter are an advantage of the set in conductometric analysis used in this work;Organic material is precipitated from spent alkaline straw cook liquors by nearly any acid or by soluble salts of the Ca Ba Sr group;Spent alkaline cook liquor can be regenerated by precipitating the organic material, causticizing, and fortifying with fresh alkali;Organic matter precipitated in paper by H2SO4 or CaCl2 slows the pulp and causes shrinkage in the paper. The paper strength is not increased.